“Providers and deployers of AI systems”
Article 4, AI Act
What it covers
Both sides of the AI value chain, for every AI system, general-purpose tools included.
Carried by
Technical infrastructureEthical & responsible use
From 51, Implementing: A complete inventory of AI systems with roles assigned.
“shall take measures”
Article 4, AI Act
What it covers
An obligation of means: the duty is met by measures taken and shown.
Carried by
Ethical & responsible useEvidence & documentation
From 51, Implementing: A documented programme with a budget and a named owner.
“to their best extent”
Article 4, AI Act
What it covers
Proportionate, documented effort, not token gestures.
Carried by
Evidence & documentationPolicy & data protectionEthical & responsible use
From 51, Implementing: A needs assessment, an evidence portfolio and periodic review.
“a sufficient level of AI literacy”
Article 4, AI Act
What it covers
Sufficiency depends on context: what AI is, how it works, which systems are in use, what the risks are.
Carried by
Deployment competenceTraining & development
From 51, Implementing: Literacy standards set by role, and delivered.
“of their staff and other persons”
Article 4, AI Act
What it covers
Beyond employees: contractors, consultants, temporary staff and outsourced providers.
Carried by
Training & developmentPolicy & data protectionTechnical infrastructure
From 51, Implementing: Training extended to contractors; literacy clauses in contracts.
“their technical knowledge, experience, education and training”
Article 4, AI Act
What it covers
Measures are calibrated to the person. One course for everyone is not enough.
Carried by
Training & developmentDeployment competence
From 51, Implementing: A baseline assessment; training differentiated by role and seniority.
“the context … and the persons on whom the AI systems are used”
Article 4, AI Act
What it covers
Training matches the stakes for the people the system affects.
Carried by
Deployment competencePolicy & data protectionTechnical infrastructureEthical & responsible use
From 51, Implementing: Systems classified by context and impact; training matched to real use.